2020 EN-ESS2-3

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The Oklahoma Academic Standards for Science (OAS-S) are three-dimensional performance expectations representing the things students should know, understand, and be able to do to be proficient in science and engineering. Performance expectations are considered standards and include a science and engineering practice (indicated in blue and represent everyday skills of scientists and engineers), disciplinary core ideas (represented in orange and represent science ideas used by scientists and engineers), and a crosscutting concept (indicated in green and represent ways of thinking like scientists and engineers).

Each dimension in the OAS-S grows in complexity and sophistication across the grades. To learn more about the prior knowledge and skills students have developed (or future knowledge/skills) associated with that specific dimension, each section in the standard below is hyperlinked to that specific vertical learning progression page.

Environmental Science (EN) Earth Systems
EN.ESS2.3 Develop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on both a one-dimensional model of Earth, with radial layers determined by density, and a three-dimensional model, which is controlled by mantle convection and the resulting plate tectonics. Examples of evidence include maps of the Earth’s surface features as well as three-dimensional structure in the subsurface, obtained from seismic waves; records of the rate of change of Earth’s magnetic field (as constraints on convection in the outer core); and prediction of the composition of Earth’s layers from high pressure laboratory experiments
Assessment Boundary: Emphasis is on the processes occurring in the layers of the Earth.
Science and Engineering Practices	Disciplinary Core Ideas	Crosscutting Concepts
Developing and Using Models Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or components of a system.	Earth Materials and Systems Evidence from deep probes and seismic waves, reconstructions of historical changes in Earth’s surface features, its magnetic field, and an understanding of physical and chemical processes lead to a model of Earth with a hot but solid inner core, a liquid outer core, and a solid mantle and crust. Motions of the mantle and its plates occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth’s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior. Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions The radioactive decay of unstable isotopes continually generates new energy within Earth’s crust and mantle, providing the primary source of the heat that drives mantle convection. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection. Wave Properties Geologists use seismic waves and their reflection at interfaces between layers to probe structures deep in the planet.	Energy and Matter Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems.
Connections to other Performance Expectations in Environmental Science
Global Change Over Time