2020 PH-PS2-3

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The Oklahoma Academic Standards for Science (OAS-S) are three-dimensional performance expectations representing the things students should know, understand, and be able to do to be proficient in science and engineering. Performance expectations are considered standards and include a science and engineering practice (indicated in blue and represent everyday skills of scientists and engineers), disciplinary core ideas (represented in orange and represent science ideas used by scientists and engineers), and a crosscutting concept (indicated in green and represent ways of thinking like scientists and engineers).

Each dimension in the OAS-S grows in complexity and sophistication across the grade. To learn more about the prior knowledge and skills students have developed (or future knowledge/skills) associated with that specific dimension, each section in the standard below is hyperlinked to that specific vertical learning progression page.

Physics (PH) Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions
PH.PS2.3 Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.*
Clarification Statement: An example of evaluation could include determining the success of the device at protecting an object from damage. Examples of devices could include football helmets, parachutes, and car restraint systems, such as seatbelts and airbags. Refinement of the device may include modifying one or more parts or all of the device to improve performance of the device.
Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to qualitative evaluations and/or algebraic manipulations.
Science and Engineering Practices	Disciplinary Core Ideas	Crosscutting Concepts
Designing Solutions Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.	Forces and Motion If a system interacts with objects outside itself, the total momentum of the system can change; however, any such change is balanced by change in the momentum of objects outside the system. Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them.	Cause and Effect Systems can be designed to cause a desired effect.
Connections to other Performance Expectations in Physics
Forces and Motion