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2020 CCC - System and System Models (redirected from 2020 Crosscutting Concepts - System and System Models)

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Crosscutting Concept: System and System Models
A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems.
Grades K-2	Grades 3-5	Grades 6-8	Grades 9-12

Objects and organisms can be described in terms of their parts. (2.LS4.1) Systems in the natural and designed world have parts that work together. (K.ESS2.2, K.ESS3.1)	A system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. A system can be described in terms of its components and their interactions. (3.LS4.4, 4.LS1.2, 5.LS2.1, 5.LS2.2, 5.ESS2.1, 5.ESS3.1)	System may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. (6.LS1.3) Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions - such as inputs, processes, and outputs - and energy, matter, and information flows within the systems. (6.ESS2.6, 7.PS3.2, 8.PS2.1, 8.PS2.4, 8.ESS1.2) Models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study.	Systems can be designed to do specific tasks. When investigating or describing a system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models. (PS.PS2.2, PS.PS3.4, CH.PS3.4, PH.PS2.2, PH.PS3.4) Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer) can be used to simulate systems and interactions; including energy, matter, and information flow within and between systems at different scales. (CH.PS4.3, PH.PS4.3, B.LS1.2, B.LS1.4, B.LS2.5) Models can be used to predict the behavior of a system, but these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in models. (PS.PS3.1, PH.PS3.1)