Bundle Name
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Standard(s)
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Students make predictions using Newton's Laws. Students mathematically describe how changes in motion relate to forces and momentum.
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PH.PS2.1 Analyze and interpret data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.
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PH.PS2.2 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.
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PH.PS2.3 Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.*
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PH.PS2.4 Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between object. Note: Focus is on introducing Newton's law of gravitation.
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Students design and test their own energy conversion devices. They develop models of nuclear processes, thermal energy, and energy stored in fields, and then use these models to further their understanding of energy flow in systems.
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PH.PS1.8 Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.
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PH.PS3.1 Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
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PH.PS3.2 Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.
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PH.PS3.3 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.*
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PH.PS3.4 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy between components in a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).
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Students investigate electromagnetic forces and describe them mathematically They investigate the unity of electricity and magnetism.
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PH.PS2.4 Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between object. Note: Focus is on electrostatic force between charged particles.
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PH.PS2.5 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can cause a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can cause an electric current.
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PH.PS3.5 Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.
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Students make mathematical models of waves and then obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about interactions between waves and matter with a particular focus on electromagnetic waves. They obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about health hazards associated with electromagnetic waves. They use models of wave behavior to explain information transfer.
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PH.PS4.1 Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.
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PH.PS4.2 Evaluate questions about the advantages and disadvantages of using digital transmission and storage of information.*
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PH.PS4.3 Develop an argument for how scientific evidence supports the explanation that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by the wave model or the particle model, and in some situations one model is more useful than the other.
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PH.PS4.4 Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
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PH.PS4.5 Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.*
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